Multiple cerebral lesions as the unique complication of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis

We present a case of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) complicated by severe renal failure and multiple intracranial lesions, which are probable results of cerebral vasculitis. IRF is an idiopathic hyperplasia of the retroperitoneal tissue that often entraps the ureters and causes post-renal failure. While the etiology of IRF is unclear, researchers consider IRF a systemic autoimmune disease complicated by immune-mediated vasculitides. The chief complaints of the patient were cognitive disorders, and brain MRI findings revealed multiple intracranial lesions with accompanying central degeneration. Given that vasogenic cerebral edemas derive from uremia, we speculated that the lesions in our case were related to more destructive changes such as aortic and periaortic inflammation. Details on this case manifesting rare cerebrovascular complications may help elucidate the pathogenesis of IRF.