Metabolomic analyses for atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Metabolomics
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and atherosclerosis are major global health issues.
• These conditions involve complex metabolic and vascular abnormalities, accelerating atherosclerosis and leading to premature death.
• Understanding the molecular pathways is challenging due to intricate metabolic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the applications of metabolomics in T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
• To summarize metabolomic datasets and their role in disease assessment and biomarker discovery.
• To discuss mechanisms linking metabolic profiling to these diseases, focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Main Methods:

• Metabolomics for comprehensive metabolic analysis.
• Application of metabolomics at cellular, animal model, and human disease levels.
• Review of recent literature on metabolomic profiling and mechanistic links.

Main Results:

• Metabolomics is extensively applied for disease assessment, prognosis, and biomarker discovery in T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
• Metabolomic profiling provides insights into cellular, animal, and human disease states.
• Mechanistic links involve metabolic profiling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• Metabolomics is a powerful tool for unraveling the complexities of insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
• Understanding metabolic profiles can lead to improved diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies.
• Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction are key areas for further investigation in these diseases.