Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

7.8K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.8K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

13.5K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.5K
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

34
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
34
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

3.1K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.1K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

11.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.7K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

2.1K
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dopaminergic neurons preferentially accumulate mtDNA rearrangements.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Persistence of large mtDNA rearrangements linked to premature aging in Pol γ exonuclease-deficient mice.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Generation and characterization of the TRE-TNFR2 transgenic mouse for cell-specific and timed (over)expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.

Cytokine·2026
Same author

The Mitochondrial Blueprint of Skin Aging: From Damage Signals to Dermatologic Interventions.

Aging and disease·2026
Same author

Transient muscle expression of mitoARCUS in mice leads to sustained reductions in pathogenic mtDNA and reduces fatigability.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2025
Same author

mtDNA base editing: Mind the gap.

Molecular cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

6.3K

Mitochondrial genome changes and neurodegenerative diseases.

Milena Pinto1, Carlos T Moraes2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations impact cellular energy production, particularly in brain and muscle tissues. This review explores how mtDNA damage contributes to neurodegeneration, using mouse models to understand these processes.

Keywords:
EncephalopathyMitochondrionmtDNA

More Related Videos

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

1.2K
Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

6.3K
Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

1.2K
Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondria generate cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), with critical components encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
  • mtDNA is vulnerable to mutations, which can impair cellular function, especially in high-energy-demand tissues like the brain and muscle.
  • While mtDNA mutations are linked to mitochondrial diseases, their role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases is still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which mtDNA mutations cause neurodegeneration.
  • To discuss findings from mouse models investigating mtDNA dysfunction in neurological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology of mtDNA mutations.
  • Analysis of insights from mouse models of mtDNA dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • mtDNA mutations are implicated in cellular dysfunction due to impaired OXPHOS.
  • Mouse models provide valuable insights into the link between mtDNA defects and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • mtDNA mutations are a significant factor in neurodegenerative processes.
  • Further research using animal models is crucial for understanding the role of mtDNA in age-related neurological decline.