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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Published on: June 9, 2015

Somatic embryogenesis inEchinochloa crusgalli.

D Y Wang¹, K Yan

¹China National Research Institute, Hongzhou, China.

Plant Cell Reports

|November 21, 2013

Summary

Researchers successfully induced embryogenic callus from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) inflorescence. Reducing or removing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from the culture medium significantly improved plant regeneration rates.

Area of Science:

Plant Biotechnology
Agricultural Science
Plant Cell Culture

Background:

Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) is a significant agricultural weed.
Efficient regeneration protocols are crucial for genetic manipulation and crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish an embryogenic callus culture system for Echinochloa crus-galli.
To investigate plant regeneration from induced callus.

Main Methods:

Culture of young inflorescence segments on Murashige and Skoog's medium.
Supplementation with varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP).
Histological and scanning electron microscopy for callus and embryoid characterization.

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In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: September 11, 2017

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

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Published on: June 9, 2015

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Published on: October 16, 2016

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: September 11, 2017

Main Results:

A compact, white embryogenic callus was successfully induced.
Callus contained bipolar embryoids with scutella, coleoptiles, and coleorhizae.
Embryogenic potential was maintained over 6 months and 8-10 subcultures.
High plant regeneration frequency was achieved by reducing or omitting 2,4-D.

Conclusions:

Successful induction of embryogenic callus in Echinochloa crus-galli is demonstrated.
Hormonal regulation, specifically 2,4-D levels, is critical for efficient plant regeneration.
This system provides a foundation for further genetic studies and improvement of barnyard grass.