Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

129
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
129
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

84
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
84
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

160
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
160
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

195
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
195
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

263
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
263
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

349
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450...
349

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Androgenic effects on ventricular repolarization: A translational study from the international pharmacovigilance database to iPSC-cardiomyocytes.

Annales d'endocrinologie·2020
Same author

Phenome-wide association study identifies dsDNA as a driver of major organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Lupus·2018
Same author

Representing Knowledge Consistently Across Health Systems.

Yearbook of medical informatics·2017
Same author

New Pharmacogenomics Research Network: An Open Community Catalyzing Research and Translation in Precision Medicine.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2017
Same author

The IGNITE Pharmacogenetics Working Group: An Opportunity for Building Evidence with Pharmacogenetic Implementation in a Real-World Setting.

Clinical and translational science·2017
Same author

Implementing Genomic Clinical Decision Support for Drug-Based Precision Medicine.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

9.2K

Clinically actionable genotypes among 10,000 patients with preemptive pharmacogenomic testing.

S L Van Driest1, Y Shi2, E A Bowton3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Preemptive pharmacogenomic testing identifies actionable genetic variants in most patients, offering significant advantages over reactive testing. This approach ensures genetic insights are available at the point of care, reducing the overall testing burden.

More Related Videos

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
13:24

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

14.0K
Author Spotlight: Finding New Therapeutic Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Through Genome-Scale shRNA Screens
09:33

Author Spotlight: Finding New Therapeutic Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Through Genome-Scale shRNA Screens

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

9.2K
Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
13:24

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

14.0K
Author Spotlight: Finding New Therapeutic Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Through Genome-Scale shRNA Screens
09:33

Author Spotlight: Finding New Therapeutic Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Through Genome-Scale shRNA Screens

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Clinical Genetics
  • Genomic Medicine

Background:

  • Over 10,000 patients have received preemptive, panel-based pharmacogenomic testing since 2010.
  • Genetic variant frequencies align with established population data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of preemptive, multiplexed pharmacogenomic genotyping.
  • To compare preemptive genotyping with a reactive, single-gene testing strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic data from 9,589 patients undergoing preemptive testing.
  • Comparison of preemptive genotyping with a simulated reactive testing approach using electronic medical record data.

Main Results:

  • Actionable pharmacogenetic variants were identified in 91% of all patients and 96% of African American patients based on five drug-gene interactions.
  • A reactive strategy would have necessitated 14,656 genetic tests, highlighting a substantial reduction in testing burden with the preemptive approach.

Conclusions:

  • Preemptive genotyping identifies pharmacogenetic variants in the vast majority of patients.
  • This strategy makes genetic data available at the point of care.
  • Preemptive testing significantly reduces the overall burden of genetic testing compared to reactive strategies.