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Related Concept Videos

Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

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The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser
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Vaporization techniques for benign prostatic obstruction: GreenLight all the way?

Georg Müller1, Alexander Bachmann, Stephen F Wyler

  • 1Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

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GreenLight vaporization of the prostate shows promising results, though high-evidence data for prostate vaporization techniques is limited. Further research is needed for direct comparisons.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition requiring treatment.
  • Vaporization techniques offer alternatives to traditional surgical methods for BPH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent literature on prostate vaporization techniques.
  • Focus on laser and high-frequency current methods for BPH treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ten studies on prostate vaporization.
  • Analysis of GreenLight (KTP, HPS, XPS), diode laser, thulium:YAG laser, and plasmakinetic vaporization.

Main Results:

  • GreenLight vaporization has evolved through multiple system upgrades (80W KTP to 180W XPS).
  • Limited randomized controlled trials exist, with one comparing HPS to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
  • Diode laser and thulium:YAG laser data are presented, with plasmakinetic vaporization also discussed.

Conclusions:

  • High-evidence data for prostate vaporization techniques remains scarce.
  • GreenLight vaporization currently has the most convincing data among the reviewed methods.