Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

59
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
59
Goiter01:27

Goiter

40
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
40
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

36
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
36
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

7.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.0K
Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

6.5K
Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
6.5K
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

33
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
33

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular profiling of breast cancer pleural effusions using cytology specimens: Impact of sample source and cytological features on next-generation sequencing performance.

Cancer cytopathology·2026
Same author

From Basics to Benchmarks: Evaluating Sample Adequacy, PD-L1 Expression, and Molecular Profiling in Effusion Samples of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Diagnostic cytopathology·2026
Same author

Esophageal Inlet Patch and Linear IgA Disease in Upper Airway Stenosis: A Clinical Case Study.

OTO open·2026
Same author

Advances in Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Mucosal Injection of the Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 in a Rabbit Model-A Pilot Study.

The Laryngoscope·2024
Same author

Beta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection.

Cell reports. Medicine·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.3K

Ultrasonographic thyroid findings suspicious for malignancy.

Nami Azar1, Craig Lance, Dean Nakamoto

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.

Diagnostic Cytopathology
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Asymptomatic thyroid nodules are common, and distinguishing benign from malignant ones using ultrasound can be challenging. This review covers suspicious ultrasound findings and fine needle aspiration biopsy techniques for thyroid nodules.

Keywords:
FNAbiopsyfollicularpapillarythyroidultrasound

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Focus on Standardized Salivary Gland Ultrasound Protocol in Connective Tissue Disease Research
07:25

Author Spotlight: A Focus on Standardized Salivary Gland Ultrasound Protocol in Connective Tissue Disease Research

Published on: October 13, 2023

7.2K
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

24.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.3K
Author Spotlight: A Focus on Standardized Salivary Gland Ultrasound Protocol in Connective Tissue Disease Research
07:25

Author Spotlight: A Focus on Standardized Salivary Gland Ultrasound Protocol in Connective Tissue Disease Research

Published on: October 13, 2023

7.2K
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

24.6K

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid incidentalomas are frequently discovered, affecting up to 33% of adults.
  • Sonographic appearances of benign and malignant thyroid nodules often overlap, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ultrasound findings indicative of malignant thyroid nodules.
  • To discuss the standard fine needle aspiration biopsy procedure for thyroid nodules.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges in image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ultrasound findings correlated with pathological findings for suspicious thyroid nodules.
  • Description of the institutional fine needle aspiration biopsy protocol.
  • Discussion of challenges encountered in image-guided biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of sonographic features that raise suspicion for malignancy in thyroid nodules.
  • Outline of the fine needle aspiration biopsy process.
  • Identification of specific difficulties in performing and interpreting image-guided biopsies.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate interpretation of ultrasound findings is crucial for managing incidental thyroid nodules.
  • Standardized fine needle aspiration biopsy techniques are essential for diagnosis.
  • Addressing diagnostic challenges in image-guided biopsies improves patient care.