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Dietary selenium status and plasma thyroid hormones in chicks.

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Marginal selenium and vitamin E supplementation significantly increased plasma thyroid hormones in meat-type chicks fed semipurified diets. These nutrients also reduced corticosterone and increased bursa weight, suggesting a role in thyroid health.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and growth in poultry.
  • Selenium and vitamin E are essential antioxidants with potential roles in thyroid function.
  • Marginal nutrient levels can impact physiological processes in meat-type chicks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of marginal selenium and vitamin E on plasma thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) in meat-type chicks.
  • To assess the impact of these nutrients on plasma corticosterone and bursa of Fabricius weight.
  • To determine if dietary matrix (semipurified vs. corn-soybean meal) influences nutrient effects.

Main Methods:

  • Meat-type chicks were fed semipurified or corn-soybean meal diets.
  • Diets were supplemented with marginal levels of selenium and/or vitamin E.
  • Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and corticosterone were measured.
  • Weight of the bursa of Fabricius was recorded.

Main Results:

  • Selenium or vitamin E supplementation significantly increased plasma T4 in chicks on semipurified diets.
  • Vitamin E, and in one instance selenium, significantly increased plasma T3.
  • No significant hormonal changes were observed in chicks fed supplemented corn-soybean meal diets.
  • Plasma corticosterone levels decreased, and bursa of Fabricius weight increased with selenium or vitamin E supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Marginal selenium and vitamin E can enhance thyroid hormone levels in chicks, particularly in a semipurified diet context.
  • These nutrients may play a role in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune function (bursa of Fabricius).
  • Dietary composition influences the efficacy of selenium and vitamin E on thyroid hormone status and related parameters.