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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals
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Incorporation of trace elements from environment into the hair structure.

N Limić1, V Valković

  • 1Ruder Bošković Institute, POB 1016, 41001, Zagreb, Yugoslavia.

Biological Trace Element Research
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new model explains how environmental trace elements enter hair. The model accurately predicts element distribution within hair structure, matching real-world data.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hair serves as a passive accumulator of environmental trace elements.
  • Understanding trace element incorporation into hair is crucial for biomonitoring and forensic applications.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complex diffusion and deposition processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for trace element incorporation into hair.
  • To simulate radial and longitudinal elemental concentration profiles within hair.
  • To validate model predictions against experimental elemental data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model based on diffusion and deposition principles.
  • Simulation of trace element transport within the hair shaft.

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  • Comparison of model-generated concentration profiles with empirical data.

    • Main Results:

    • The model successfully describes the incorporation of trace elements into hair.
    • Predicted radial concentration profiles align with theoretical expectations.
    • Predicted longitudinal concentration profiles show satisfactory agreement with experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented model offers a robust framework for understanding hair-environment elemental exchange.
    • Model predictions provide valuable insights into trace element distribution in hair.
    • This work contributes to the accurate interpretation of hair as a biomonitoring matrix.