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Allelopathic substances and interactions ofDelonix regia (Boj) Raf.

C H Chou1, L L Leu

  • 1Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China.

Journal of Chemical Ecology
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Delonix regia, commonly planted in Taiwan, suppresses understory plant growth through allelopathy. Its flowers, leaves, and twigs contain phytotoxins that inhibit surrounding vegetation.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Ecology
  • Biochemistry
  • Allelopathy

Background:

  • Delonix regia is a widespread ornamental tree in southern Taiwan.
  • A unique pattern of weed exclusion is observed under its canopy.
  • Understory species abundance and diversity are significantly reduced beneath D. regia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the allelopathic potential of Delonix regia on understory vegetation.
  • To identify the phytotoxic compounds responsible for growth inhibition.
  • To determine the effect of temperature on the phytotoxicity of D. regia extracts.

Main Methods:

  • Quadrat sampling to assess botanical composition.
  • Aqueous extraction and bioassays of D. regia plant parts (leaves, flowers, twigs).

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  • Water-culture experiments with target understory species.
  • Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analysis to identify phytotoxins.

    • Main Results:

    • Understory species richness and coverage were significantly lower under D. regia.
    • Aqueous extracts, especially from flowers, exhibited significant phytotoxicity.
    • Growth of Isachne nipponensis and Centella asiatica was inhibited by over 70% by flower extracts.
    • Phytotoxicity decreased significantly above 70°C, suggesting decomposition by fire.
    • Several phenolic acids and aldehydes were identified as key phytotoxins.

    Conclusions:

    • Delonix regia exerts a strong allelopathic effect, suppressing understory plant growth.
    • Fallen flowers, leaves, and twigs are the primary sources of allelochemicals.
    • Identified phytotoxins correlate with observed bioassay results.
    • The allelopathic compounds are susceptible to thermal decomposition, indicating potential for fire-mediated degradation.