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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Searching for nuclear export elements in hepatitis D virus RNA.

Natália Freitas1, Celso Cunha

  • 1Natália Freitas, Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, Kansas University Medical Center, Rainbow Boulevard, Kansa, KS 66160, United States.

World Journal of Virology
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a cis-acting nuclear export element in hepatitis D virus (HDV) antigenomic RNA. This finding sheds light on the mechanisms of HDV RNA nuclear export and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Antigenomic RNAGenomic RNAHepatitis D virusNuclear exportNuclear export element

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatitis D Virus Research

Background:

  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a unique RNA virus that requires helper functions from hepatitis B virus for its replication and assembly.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HDV RNA nuclear export is crucial for comprehending its life cycle and developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and location of cis-acting elements within HDV genomic and antigenomic RNA that facilitate nuclear export.
  • To characterize the properties of identified nuclear export elements and explore the cellular pathways involved.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter system to assess RNA nuclear export.
  • Transfected Huh7 cells with plasmids containing HDV RNA fragments and analyzed RNA localization using real-time PCR and Northern blotting.
  • Predicted RNA secondary structures and assessed leptomycin B sensitivity to infer involvement of cellular transport pathways like CRM1.

Main Results:

  • No definitive nuclear export element was found in HDV genomic RNA.
  • Two regions in HDV genomic RNA (nucleotides 266-489 and 584-920) showed modest promotion of reporter mRNA export.
  • A significant nuclear export element was identified in HDV antigenomic RNA at nucleotides 214-417, with export sensitive to leptomycin B, suggesting CRM1 involvement.

Conclusions:

  • A functional cis-acting nuclear export element resides within nucleotides 214-417 of HDV antigenomic RNA.
  • The identified element's sensitivity to leptomycin B points towards a CRM1-mediated nuclear export pathway for HDV antigenomic RNA.