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Cavernous sinus syndrome in a Holstein bull.

Sarah I Jacob¹, Randi Drees, Marie E Pinkerton

¹Department of Medical Sciences, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Veterinary Ophthalmology

|November 22, 2013

Summary

A Holstein bull developed exophthalmos and neurological deficits due to abscesses in the cavernous sinus. This case highlights the importance of considering cavernous sinus syndrome in cattle with similar clinical signs.

Keywords:

abscessation bull cavernous sinus syndrome exophthalmos opthalmoplegia ptosis

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Ophthalmology
Bovine Medicine

Background:

A 13-month-old Holstein bull presented with right-sided exophthalmos and impaired ocular function.
Initial diagnostics, including radiographs, did not reveal underlying skull abnormalities or sinusitis.

Observation:

Ophthalmologic examination revealed a dilated, poorly responsive right pupil and absent ocular motility.
Despite a 14-day course of antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, the bull's condition did not improve.
The bull later developed recumbency, left-sided strabismus, and a fixed right pupil, leading to euthanasia.

Findings:

Postmortem MRI and examination identified bilateral abscesses obliterating the cavernous sinus region.
Associated findings included right mandibular abscessation, trigeminal neuritis, sinusitis, and otitis media.
Abscesses extended through the round foramina, impacting cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI.

Implications:

Cavernous sinus syndrome should be considered in cattle presenting with exophthalmos and neuro-ophthalmologic deficits.
This syndrome involves multiple cranial nerves housed within the cavernous sinus.
Prompt recognition and diagnosis are crucial for managing complex neurological conditions in cattle.