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Related Concept Videos

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
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Organization of Genes02:07

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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis
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Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis

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Understanding non-coding DNA regions in yeast.

Margarita Schlackow1, Monika Gullerova

  • 1*Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, U.K.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|November 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review explores non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in yeast gene regulation, detailing sequencing methods like RNA-Seq and their impact on understanding transcription.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Non-coding transcripts, including intergenic ncRNA, UTRs, introns, and antisense transcripts, are crucial for gene expression regulation in yeast.
  • Understanding these transcripts is essential for deciphering complex regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages and limitations of recently developed sequencing techniques for studying non-coding transcripts.
  • To provide an overview of methods applied in yeast research.
  • To highlight the contribution of these methods to the knowledge of gene expression regulation and transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sequencing technologies.
  • Discussion of techniques such as ESTs, DNA microarrays, RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing), DRS (direct RNA sequencing), and TIF-Seq (transcript isoform sequencing).

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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
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  • Analysis of methods applied specifically in budding and fission yeast studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Sequencing techniques offer diverse capabilities for analyzing non-coding transcripts.
    • Each method presents unique advantages and limitations in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and scope.
    • Recent advancements have significantly improved the ability to detect and characterize non-coding RNAs.

    Conclusions:

    • The choice of sequencing method depends on the specific research question regarding non-coding transcripts.
    • Continued development and application of these techniques are vital for advancing our understanding of yeast gene regulation.
    • These methods have profoundly impacted our knowledge of transcription and regulatory networks in yeast.