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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Hepatitis C and neutropenia.

Vivien A Sheehan1, Alva Weir, Bradford Waters

  • 1aTexas Children's Hematology Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas bDivision of Hematology-Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Tennessee Health Science Center cDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|November 22, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutropenia, a low white blood cell count, is common in hepatitis C patients. Despite potential worsening with antiviral therapy, it often has a benign course and may not prevent treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Neutropenia is increasingly recognized in patients with hepatitis C.
  • Hepatitis C infection is associated with increased rates of cirrhosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of neutropenia in hepatitis C patients.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of neutropenia in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neutropenia in hepatitis C.
  • Analysis of postulated mechanisms for neutropenia.

Main Results:

  • Mild-to-moderate neutropenia is common and may be caused by hypersplenism, autoimmunity, or direct viral infection.
  • Antiviral therapy can worsen neutropenia, necessitating dose modification.
  • Severe neutropenia is underreported but generally not linked to increased infection rates.

Conclusions:

  • Neutropenia is a frequent finding in hepatitis C patients.
  • The condition typically follows a benign clinical course.
  • Neutropenia may not be a contraindication for antiviral therapy.