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Related Concept Videos

Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

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The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Overview
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

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While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
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Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Methods for estimating gene numbers for quantitative characters using doubled haploid lines.

J W Snape1, A J Wright, E Simpson

  • 1Plant Breeding Institute, Mans Lane, CB2 2LQ, Trumpington, Cambridge, England.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three methods for estimating quantitative trait gene numbers using doubled haploid lines were evaluated. The genotype assay method proved most effective for distinguishing between few and many genes, offering valuable insights for genetic studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Biometrical genetics

Background:

  • Estimating the number of genes controlling quantitative traits is crucial for understanding genetic architecture.
  • Doubled haploid (DH) lines provide a powerful tool for genetic analysis due to their homozygosity.
  • Previous methods for gene number estimation have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and compare three distinct methods for estimating the number of segregating genes for quantitative characters in doubled haploid lines.
  • To discuss the statistical challenges associated with these estimation methods.
  • To identify the most reliable method for distinguishing between few and many genes.

Main Methods:

  • Method 1: Utilizes estimates of the range and genetical variance of F1 or F2 derived populations.
  • Method 2: Adapts the genotype assay method (Jinks and Towey, 1976) for F2 derived lines.
  • Method 3: Employs the variances of an F2 derived population.

Main Results:

  • All three methods were applied to data from doubled haploid lines of barley developed via the Hordeum bulbosum system.
  • Statistical problems encountered in obtaining meaningful estimates were discussed.
  • The genotype assay method was concluded to be superior for differentiating between low and high gene numbers.

Conclusions:

  • The genotype assay method offers the most robust approach for estimating the number of genes controlling quantitative traits in doubled haploid populations.
  • This finding has significant implications for genetic dissection of complex traits in crop improvement.
  • The study highlights the utility of doubled haploid lines and advanced statistical methods in quantitative genetics research.