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Obstructive sleep apnea in Asian primary school children

Ryuichi Kobayashi1, Soichiro Miyazaki, Masayuki Karaki

  • 1Sleep Disordered Breathing Center, Ayagawa National Health Insurance Sue Hospital, 1720-1 Sue, Ayagawa-cho, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa, 761-2103, Japan, koryuichi@kzc.biglobe.ne.jp.

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|November 22, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in primary school children, linked to enlarged tonsils and adenoids affecting nasal breathing. These conditions increase OSA risk in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Respiratory Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing concern in pediatric populations.
  • Enlarged tonsils and adenoids are common causes of upper airway obstruction in children.
  • Understanding the interplay between respiratory issues and OSA is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of OSA in primary school children.
  • To investigate the relationship between OSA, tonsillar hypertrophy, adenoid size, and nasal cavity patency.
  • To assess the impact of tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid enlargement on nasal airflow.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 152 primary school children using physical examinations (tonsils, rhinoscopy), questionnaires, nasal resistance measurements, and home-based portable polysomnography.
  • Radiography was used to assess pharyngeal tonsil size.
  • Portable polysomnography identified children requiring full polysomnography (PSG).

Main Results:

  • Obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (O-AHI) correlated positively with palatine tonsil enlargement.
  • Adenoid hypertrophy significantly increased O-AHI and nasal resistance.
  • The estimated prevalence of OSA was 7.9%, with 75% of those undergoing full PSG confirmed to have OSA.

Conclusions:

  • Tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid enlargement are significant risk factors for OSA in primary school children.
  • Impaired nasal respiration is associated with an increased risk of developing OSA.
  • Early identification and management of these conditions are vital for preventing OSA in children.
Abstract

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