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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Heritable somaclonal variation in wheat.

P J Larkin1, S A Ryan, R I Brettell

  • 1CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 22, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wheat immature embryo culture yields significant somaclonal variation. Regenerated plants exhibit heritable changes in traits like height and grain color, offering new genetic diversity for crop improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Efficient tissue culture is crucial for plant breeding.
  • Somaclonal variation can introduce desirable genetic changes.
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum) regeneration protocols require optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish efficient wheat tissue culture and regeneration methods.
  • To investigate the extent and nature of somaclonal variation in wheat.
  • To assess the heritability of somaclonal variants.

Main Methods:

  • Immature wheat embryos were used as explants for tissue culture.
  • Regeneration of 2,846 plants from ten selected accessions.
  • Analysis of morphological and biochemical traits in 142 regenerants and their progeny.

Main Results:

  • Significant genotype-dependent differences in culturability were observed.
  • Extensive somaclonal variation affecting multiple traits (height, awns, grain color, etc.) was documented.
  • Variant traits were heritable over two seed generations, involving simple and quantitative genetics.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue culture provides a viable method for generating heritable somaclonal variation in wheat.
  • This variation includes beneficial traits and is genetically controlled.
  • Somaclonal variation is a valuable tool for wheat genetic improvement and breeding programs.