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Allelopathic potential ofnuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. (Nymphaeaceae).

S D Elakovich1, J W Wooten

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Aqueous extracts from Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. demonstrate potent allelopathic activity, significantly inhibiting lettuce seedling growth and Lemna minor L. development. These findings highlight Nuphar lutea as a highly inhibitory hydrophyte.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Ecology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Allelopathy, the chemical inhibition of one plant by another, plays a crucial role in plant community structure.
  • Aquatic ecosystems are influenced by allelochemicals released by aquatic plants.
  • Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. is a common aquatic plant, but its allelopathic potential is not well-characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts from Nuphar lutea leaves and roots/rhizomes.
  • To quantify the inhibitory effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings and duckweed (Lemna minor L.).
  • To compare the allelopathic potential of Nuphar lutea with other previously studied aquatic plants.

Main Methods:

  • Aqueous extracts were prepared from Nuphar lutea leaves and roots/rhizomes.
  • Lettuce seedling growth inhibition was assessed using radicle length measurements.
  • Lemna minor growth was evaluated by measuring frond number and total chlorophyll content.
  • Extracts were tested at various concentrations (12.5 to 250 parts per thousand).

Main Results:

  • All tested concentrations of Nuphar lutea extracts (12.5-250 ppt) were lethal to lettuce seedlings.
  • At 2.5 ppt, lettuce radicle growth was reduced to approximately 30% of the control for both leaf and root/rhizome extracts.
  • Lemna minor frond number was significantly reduced (to 34% and 43% of control) by 25 ppt leaf and root/rhizome extracts, respectively.
  • Lemna minor was killed by concentrations of 125 ppt and above.
  • Frond number and chlorophyll content in Lemna minor were highly correlated.
  • Osmotic potential and pH of the extracts did not explain the observed growth inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Nuphar lutea exhibits strong allelopathic properties, significantly inhibiting the growth of both terrestrial (lettuce) and aquatic (Lemna minor) test species.
  • The inhibitory effects are concentration-dependent and observed in both leaf and root/rhizome extracts.
  • Nuphar lutea is a considerably more potent inhibitor than 16 other aquatic plants previously examined, suggesting a significant ecological role in competitive interactions.