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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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DNA Re-EvolutioN: a game for learning molecular genetics and evolution.

Laura Miralles1, Paloma Moran, Eduardo Dopico

  • 1Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education : a Bimonthly Publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|November 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

DNA Re-EvolutioN is an engaging game designed to teach molecular evolution concepts. This active learning tool makes complex genetic principles accessible and fun for students, enhancing understanding of DNA and natural selection.

Keywords:
DNAactive learningdidactic gameevolutionmutationselection

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Area of Science:

  • Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Evolution is a core biological concept that students often find challenging to grasp.
  • Traditional teaching methods like lectures can be less engaging than interactive tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce DNA Re-EvolutioN, an active learning game for teaching molecular evolution.
  • To provide an entertaining and effective alternative to traditional lectures and laboratory experiments.

Main Methods:

  • The game utilizes genetic concepts such as DNA structure, transcription, translation, mutations, and natural selection as game mechanics.
  • Components include pawns, dice, a game board with hypothetical events, "Evolution cards," DNA and mRNA models, and t-RNA with amino acids for protein synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Students actively learn about molecular evolution by manipulating DNA and observing the effects of mutations and selection on protein products.
  • The game was tested internationally with genetics students, yielding very positive results in pre- and post-tests.

Conclusions:

  • DNA Re-EvolutioN offers a flexible, feasible, and cost-effective method for learning molecular evolution.
  • The game successfully blends theory with entertainment, making complex genetic concepts more understandable and enjoyable.