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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

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Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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A self-improved water-oxidation catalyst: is one site really enough?

Isidoro López1, Mehmed Z Ertem, Somnath Maji

  • 1Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new dinuclear water-oxidation catalyst demonstrates exceptional robustness and high turnover frequency. This self-assembling catalyst, derived from a mononuclear precursor, shows no decomposition over extended periods, advancing energy conversion technologies.

Keywords:
density functional calculationsreaction mechanismsresonance Raman spectroscopyruthenium electrochemistrywater-oxidation catalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Homogeneous catalysis of water oxidation by transition-metal complexes has advanced significantly.
  • Robust catalysts with high turnover frequencies are essential for practical energy-conversion schemes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new, oxidatively rugged, and powerful dinuclear water-oxidation catalyst.
  • To investigate the self-assembly mechanism from a mononuclear precursor during catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Kinetic analysis of the catalytic process.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational modeling.
  • Characterization of catalyst stability and performance.

Main Results:

  • A dinuclear water-oxidation catalyst is generated via self-assembly from a mononuclear catalyst.
  • Two interconnected catalytic cycles were observed during the conversion.
  • The dinuclear system is more stable and exhibits no decomposition over extended periods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dinuclear catalyst is highly robust and efficient for water oxidation.
  • Self-assembly offers a pathway to create stable and powerful catalytic systems.
  • This work contributes to the development of advanced catalysts for energy applications.