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Updated: May 5, 2026

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice
Published on: February 22, 2016
Rapid-sequence intubation: a review of the process and considerations when choosing medications
Joanna L Stollings1, Daniel A Diedrich, Lance J Oyen
1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Objective:
To summarize published data regarding the steps of rapid-sequence intubation (RSI); review premedications, induction agents, neuromuscular blockers (NMB), and studies supporting use or avoidance; and discuss the benefits and deficits of combinations of induction agents and NMBs used when drug shortages occur.
Data Source:
A search of Medline databases (1966-October 2013) was conducted.
Study Selection And Data Extraction:
Databases were searched using the terms rapid-sequence intubation, fentanyl, midazolam, atropine, lidocaine, phenylephrine, ketamine, propofol, etomidate thiopental, succinylcholine, vecuronium, atracurium, and rocuronium. Citations from publications were reviewed for additional references.
Data Synthesis:
Data were reviewed to support the use or avoidance of premedications, induction agents, and paralytics and combinations to consider when drug shortages occur.
Conclusions:
RSI is used to secure a definitive airway in often uncooperative, nonfasted, unstable, and/or critically ill patients. Choosing the appropriate premedication, induction drug, and paralytic will maximize the success of tracheal intubation and minimize complications.
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