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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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[Delirium].

Yasuhiro Kishi1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Delirium, an acute condition in hospitalized elderly patients, is often missed and linked to poor outcomes. Prevention programs show better results than treatment after delirium develops.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Delirium is a common, acute neuropsychiatric condition in hospitalized patients, especially the elderly.
  • It is frequently underdiagnosed and associated with significant adverse outcomes like increased mortality and institutionalization.
  • Distinguishing delirium from dementia in older adults presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of delirium in hospitalized elderly patients.
  • To highlight the diagnostic complexities, particularly differentiating from dementia.
  • To emphasize the shift towards proactive delirium prevention strategies.

Summary:

  • No specific medications are FDA-approved for delirium treatment, and evidence for current pharmacological interventions is weak.

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  • Multidisciplinary delirium prevention programs are emerging as an effective strategy.
  • Proactive prevention demonstrates improved patient outcomes compared to reactive treatment approaches.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the importance of early detection and management of delirium in elderly inpatients.
    • Underscores the need for validated diagnostic tools to differentiate delirium from dementia.
    • Promotes the adoption of evidence-based delirium prevention programs to improve patient care and reduce healthcare costs.