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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
Published on: August 25, 2021
Therapeutic proteins in tumors and targeted therapeutic agents for cancer patients
S Altug Kesikli1, Saadettin Kilickap
1Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Department of Preventive Oncology, 06100 Altindag, Ankara, Turkey. skilickap@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
The identification of novel molecular targets has paved the way for new treatment options in cancer patients. A number of agents targeting molecules that are crucial both for the tumor and its microenvironment have already been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. The monoclonal antibodies and the small molecule kinase inhibitors constitute two major classes of targeted therapeutic agents, which have apparently different mechanisms of action, toxicity profiles, routes of administration, timing and dosing. Moreover, individual differences in genes regulating the distribution and metabolism of targeted agents evidently influence treatment outcomes. Data regarding the immune- and tumor microenvironment-modulatory properties of most of these agents are either obscure or controversial, as well. Therefore, preclinical animal and human studies that aim to identify the immunological, biological and the pharmacological properties of these novel classes of agents that also employ recent developments in pharmacogenomics and proteomics are warranted.
Insights
Novel targeted cancer therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors, offer new treatment options. Further research is needed to understand their complex effects on the immune system and tumor microenvironment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Background:
- Novel molecular targets have led to new cancer treatments.
- Targeted agents like monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors are approved for clinical use.
- These agents target crucial molecules in tumors and their microenvironment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current targeted cancer therapies.
- To highlight the need for further research into their immunological and biological properties.
- To emphasize the role of pharmacogenomics and proteomics in understanding treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of approved targeted therapeutic agents.
- Analysis of mechanisms of action, toxicity, administration, and dosing.
- Consideration of genetic influences on drug metabolism and distribution.
Main Results:
- Monoclonal antibodies and small molecule kinase inhibitors are key targeted agents.
- Individual genetic differences impact treatment outcomes.
- Data on immune- and tumor microenvironment-modulatory effects are often unclear.
Conclusions:
- Preclinical studies are essential to elucidate the full properties of targeted agents.
- Pharmacogenomics and proteomics advancements are crucial for future research.
- Understanding these agents' impact on the immune system and tumor microenvironment is critical for optimizing cancer therapy.
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