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Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...
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Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
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Systemic amyloidoses: what an internist should know.

Giovanni Palladini1, Giampaolo Merlini

  • 1Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

European Journal of Internal Medicine
|November 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic amyloidoses are rare protein misfolding diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these fatal conditions and preventing irreversible organ damage.

Keywords:
AmyloidosisDiagnosisTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Systemic amyloidoses result from misfolded autologous proteins.
  • These rare diseases are fatal but treatable if diagnosed early.
  • Irreversible organ damage can occur without timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of common systemic amyloidoses.
  • To highlight the critical role of internists in early disease detection and management.
  • To emphasize the importance of risk-adapted therapy and supportive care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on systemic amyloidoses.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on disease mechanisms.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Early diagnosis and accurate typing are cornerstones of management.
  • Risk-adapted therapy and close follow-up improve outcomes.
  • Internists are pivotal in initiating the diagnostic workup and guiding supportive care.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can alter the natural history of systemic amyloidoses.
  • Multidisciplinary care involving internists and specialists is essential.
  • Effective treatment hinges on early intervention before significant organ damage.