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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in pediatric population: case series from India

Arun Grace Roy1, Kollencheri Puthenveettil Vinayan, Anand Kumar

  • 1Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.

Neurology India
|November 23, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children presents similarly to adults, with headache being common. Prompt treatment leads to symptom resolution in most pediatric cases, with no recurrence observed over two years.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is recognized in adults, but its presentation in children is less frequently reported and can vary by age.
  • Understanding pediatric IIH is crucial due to potential variations in clinical presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical characteristics, diagnostic investigations, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes of pediatric patients (<18 years) with IIH.
  • To contribute to the understanding of IIH in a young population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective hospital-based study analyzed 25 children diagnosed with IIH using modified Dandy's criteria.
  • Data included clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and a 2-year follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • The study included a 4-month-old infant; common symptoms were headache (76%), vomiting (72%), and papilledema (72%).
  • Mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was 330 mm H2O. Infants exhibited irritability and bulging fontanelles. 24 patients achieved complete symptom resolution.
  • No recurrence was noted during the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can affect individuals of all ages, including infants.
  • Clinical features in children resemble adults, with distinct signs in infants. Papilledema absence doesn't rule out IIH.
  • CSF pressure monitoring is vital; early treatment prevents long-term deficits.
Abstract

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