Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026
Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
Published on: January 7, 2019
Neuromodulation for depression: invasive and noninvasive (deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation,
Ian A Cook1, Randall Espinoza, Andrew F Leuchter
1UCLA Depression Research & Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Henry Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Abstract:
Major depressive disorder is among the most disabling illnesses and, despite best practices with medication and psychotherapy, many patients remain ill even after several treatment trials. For many of these patients with treatment-resistant or pharmacoresistant depression, treatment with neuromodulation offers an alternative. Options range from systems that are implanted to others that are entirely noninvasive. This review surveys recent literature to update readers on 3 particular interventions: deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and trigeminal nerve stimulation. Additional comparative research is needed to delineate the relative advantages of these treatments, and how best to match individual patients to neuromodulation intervention.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Brain Imaging
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
01:23Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents