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Preterm births - United States, 2006 and 2010

Joyce A Martin, Michelle J K Osterman,

    MMWR Supplements
    |November 23, 2013
    PubMed

    Insights

    Preterm birth rates in the U.S. decreased from 2006 to 2010, but remain a significant cause of infant mortality and long-term health issues. Despite overall declines, early preterm births and racial disparities persist, requiring further investigation for interventions.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Neonatalogy
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) is a leading cause of infant mortality in the U.S., contributing to approximately one-third of all infant deaths.
    • Infants born preterm face increased risks of early mortality and lifelong neurological and cognitive challenges.
    • The U.S. preterm birth rate saw a significant increase of approximately 30% between 1981 and 2006.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze trends in preterm birth rates in the U.S. from 2006 to 2010.
    • To examine changes in both early preterm (<34 weeks) and late preterm (34-36 weeks) birth rates.
    • To identify persistent disparities in preterm birth rates and inform potential intervention strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of national birth data from 2006 and 2010.
    • Calculation and comparison of preterm birth rates for overall, early preterm, and late preterm births.
    • Examination of racial/ethnic differences in preterm birth rates.

    Main Results:

    • The U.S. preterm birth rate declined from 12.8% in 2006 to 12.0% in 2010, marking a reversal of the previous upward trend.
    • The decrease was primarily driven by a reduction in late preterm births (9.15% to 8.49%), but early preterm birth rates also decreased (3.66% to 3.50%).
    • Despite the decrease, the total number of preterm births in 2010 exceeded those in any year from 1981-2001, and significant racial/ethnic disparities persist.

    Conclusions:

    • While recent trends show a decrease in preterm birth rates, the overall number remains high, underscoring the ongoing public health challenge.
    • Further research into persistent racial/ethnic disparities is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
    • Continued monitoring and research are necessary to address the complex issue of preterm birth and its associated infant health outcomes.

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