Water-relation parameters of epidermal and cortical cells in the primary root ofTriticum aestivum L

Water-relation parameters of root hair cells, hairless epidermal cells, and cortical cells in the primary root of wheat have been measured using the pressure-probe technique. Under well-watered conditions the mean cell turgor of cortical cells was 6.8±1.9 (30) bar (mean±SD; the number of observations in brackets). In hairless epidermal and root hair cells the mean cell turgor was 5.5±1.9 (22) and 4.4±1.5 (15) bar, respectively. Despite the large variability, turgor pressure was significantly lower (confidence interval=0.95) in epidermal cells relative to cortical cells. This may be a consequence of the ultrafiltration of ions by the external cell wall and-or plasmalemma of epidermal cells. The volumetric elastic modulus of the cells ranged from 10 to 150 bar. This parameter was dependent on cell volume, but within experimental accuracy, was independent of cell type. No pressure dependence of the volumetric elastic modulus was observed in these cells. The half-times for water exchange ranged from 1.8 to 48.8 s. The mean value increased in the order root hair < hairless epidermal < cortical cells and was directly related to volume to surface area ratio. Thus the hydraulic conductivities of the three cell types were similar and averaged 1.2±0.9·10(-6) (170) cm s(-1) bar(-1). No polarity was observed between inwardly and outwardly directed water flow. The similarity of the hydraulic conductivities of root hairs to those of other cells indicates that the membranes of root hairs are not particularly specialized for water transport. The overall hydraulic conductivity for radial water flow across the root was estimated from the pressure-probe data using a simple model and was compared with that measured directly on whole roots using an osmotic backflow technique. It was tentatively concluded that upon sudden osmotic perturbation, the major pathway for water transfer across the root may be through the symplasm and involve net flow from vacuole to vacuole.