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Time flies when we view a sport action.

Yin-Hua Chen1, Fabio Pizzolato, Paola Cesari

  • 1Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy.

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Elite athletes demonstrate superior sub-second time perception compared to controls. Their refined internal clock, honed through training, allows them to better compensate for time distortions during action observation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Human perception
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Human time evaluation, especially in the sub-second range, is prone to distortion, often overestimated.
  • This overestimation is linked to the sensitivity threshold of the perceptuomotor system.
  • Elite athletes possess highly developed motor perceptual capabilities and a refined sense of time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how elite athletes' time perception differs from controls across sub- and supra-second timescales.
  • To examine the impact of action observation on time perception in elite athletes.
  • To determine if sport training enhances internal clock precision.

Main Methods:

  • Elite pole-vaulters and control participants reproduced exposure times of familiar (pole-vault jump) and non-familiar (fencing lunge, scrambled pixels) images.
  • Time reproduction accuracy and variability were compared between groups and across image types.
  • Analysis focused on sub-second and supra-second time intervals.

Main Results:

  • In the supra-second range, time distortion was similar for athletes and controls, irrespective of the image.
  • In the sub-second range, elite athletes showed significantly higher accuracy and lower variability than controls.
  • Action observation compressed perceived time, with images perceived as shorter in the order: pole-vault jump > fencing lunge > scrambled pixels.

Conclusions:

  • Elite athletes exhibit enhanced precision and reduced variability in sub-second time perception, suggesting a superior internal clock.
  • Sport training appears to refine the internal clock, enabling better compensation for time perception distortions.
  • Action observation consistently influences time perception by compressing the perceived passage of time across all participants.