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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Histology01:27

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment
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Author Spotlight: Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment

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Steatosis in the liver.

David Q-H Wang1, Piero Portincasa, Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Comprehensive Physiology
|November 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liver steatosis, or fatty liver disease, involves fat buildup in liver cells. This condition, often linked to insulin resistance, is driven by fatty acid imbalances, not just fat accumulation itself.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Liver steatosis is characterized by excessive triacylglycerol accumulation in hepatocytes, forming visible lipid droplets.
  • It commonly results from an imbalance between fatty acid supply/synthesis and their metabolic disposal in the liver.
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent form, often co-occurring with insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying hepatic lipotoxicity and cellular injury in liver steatosis.
  • To differentiate the roles of triacylglycerol accumulation versus fatty acid enrichment in disease pathogenesis.
  • To identify the specific origins of accumulated lipids in NAFLD for potential therapeutic targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent kinetic studies on lipid metabolism in the liver.
  • Analysis of the contribution of various fatty acid metabolites to hepatic lipotoxicity.
  • Investigation of hepatic cytosolic lipases and lipophagy as sources of hepatic fatty acids.

Main Results:

  • Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation itself is not directly lipotoxic; triacylglycerols are relatively inert.
  • Lipotoxic injury is mediated by global fatty acid enrichment in the liver, correlating with insulin resistance.
  • Fatty acid metabolites, hepatic lipases, and lipophagy are key contributors to fatty acid availability and liver injury.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the precise origin of accumulated triacylglycerols in NAFLD is crucial.
  • Identifying lipid sources may pave the way for novel prevention and treatment strategies for fatty liver disease.
  • Focusing on fatty acid metabolism and sources, rather than solely on fat accumulation, is key to addressing NAFLD.