Posterior glenohumeral joint capsule contracture

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Sports Medicine
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Posterior capsule contracture of the glenohumeral joint can lead to shoulder pain by disrupting normal joint mechanics.
• This condition is prevalent in throwing athletes, likely due to repetitive tensile forces, but also occurs in non-athletes with unknown mechanisms.
• The interaction between mechanical and cellular processes in causing capsular stiffness and reduced compliance remains unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the mechanisms and consequences of glenohumeral joint posterior capsule contracture.
• To review the current understanding of its effects on joint mechanics and clinical presentation.

Main Methods:

• Utilized cadaver models to investigate the impact of posterior capsule contracture on joint mechanics, including range of motion and humeral head kinematics.
• Reviewed imaging techniques for assessing posterior capsule contracture, noting the lack of standardized methods.
• Examined clinical manifestations and common treatment approaches.

Main Results:

• Cadaver studies demonstrated altered range of motion and humeral head kinematics due to posterior capsule contracture.
• Clinical presentation includes decreased glenohumeral internal rotation and/or cross-body adduction.
• Current imaging techniques lack standardization and quantification methods.

Conclusions:

• Posterior capsule contracture significantly affects glenohumeral joint mechanics and clinical range of motion.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the exact causative processes and standardize assessment methods.
• Stretching and manual therapies are primary clinical interventions for improving range of motion and alleviating pain.