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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells
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Chronic leukemia.

Edythe M Lyn Greenberg1, Alexandra Probst

  • 1Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are distinct blood cancers. CML is treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, while CLL management varies from observation to targeted therapies.

Keywords:
Alkylating agentsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaChronic myeloid leukemiaImmunomodulatory agentsLeukocytosisLymphocytosisMonoclonal antibodiesTyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic leukemias encompass chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
  • CML is characterized as a Philadelphia chromosome-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm.
  • CLL presents as a monoclonal B-cell disorder with variable clinical courses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the distinct characteristics of CML and CLL.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for CML and CLL.
  • To highlight the evolving landscape of targeted therapies for chronic leukemias.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CML and CLL.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and disease classifications.
  • Summary of established and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast phases, primarily managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
  • CLL exhibits indolent or fulminant presentations, with early stages managed by observation.
  • Current CLL treatments include chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies, with ongoing development of targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • CML and CLL represent distinct hematologic malignancies with different underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches.
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the cornerstone of CML treatment.
  • CLL management is individualized, with significant advancements in targeted therapies improving patient outcomes.