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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

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Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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Acute inflammatory surgical disease.

Peter J Fagenholz1, Marc A de Moya

  • 1Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, CPZ 810, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
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Summary

This review covers common gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory conditions like appendicitis and diverticulitis, crucial for acute care surgeons. It details their diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
AppendicitisCholangitisCholecystitisClostridium difficileColitisDiverticulitisPancreatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Management
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infectious and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are leading causes of hospitalization in the US.
  • These conditions represent a substantial portion of acute care surgery caseloads.
  • Effective management is critical for patient recovery and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of key gastrointestinal infectious and inflammatory disorders.
  • To outline current diagnostic, management, and treatment approaches for acute care surgeons.
  • To enhance the understanding and handling of common surgical emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on appendicitis, acute cholecystitis/cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, diverticulitis, and Clostridium difficile colitis.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and clinical guidelines.
  • Summary of established and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic workup for each condition.
  • Presentation of evidence-based management strategies, including surgical and non-surgical options.
  • Emphasis on timely and accurate diagnosis for optimal surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions are essential for acute care surgeons.
  • A thorough understanding of these common disorders improves surgical decision-making.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians managing gastrointestinal surgical emergencies.