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Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
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Lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Marcie Feinman1, Elliott R Haut

  • 1Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine (ACCM), Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 6017, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, emphasizing different diagnostic approaches for stable versus unstable patients. It also explores various treatment options, from minimally invasive methods to open surgery.

Keywords:
AngiodysplasiaDiverticulosisHematocheziaMelena

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Procedures

Background:

  • Lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the causes of occult, moderate, and severe lower GI bleeding.
  • To highlight the distinct workup strategies for stable and unstable patients.
  • To review the spectrum of treatment modalities available.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for lower GI bleeding.
  • Comparative analysis of patient workup based on hemodynamic stability.
  • Exploration of treatment options including endoscopic, radiological, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Etiologies vary based on bleeding severity and patient presentation.
  • Hemodynamic instability dictates an urgent and often aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic pathway.
  • A range of treatments exists, tailored to the specific cause and patient condition.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for managing lower GI bleeding.
  • Treatment selection should be individualized, considering patient stability and bleeding source.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches often optimize outcomes for complex cases.