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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
99
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

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Hepatitis B and C.

Anupama T Duddempudi1, David E Bernstein

  • 1Division of Hepatology, North Shore University Hospital, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B and C are significant causes of liver disease, particularly in the elderly. This review covers special considerations for diagnosing and treating these viral infections in older adults.

Keywords:
Antiviral therapyElderlyHepatitis BHepatitis CInterferon

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B and C are leading causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer.
  • Effective therapies exist for both hepatitis B and C.
  • Special considerations are needed for elderly patients with viral hepatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss special topics related to hepatitis B in the elderly.
  • To review key points in hepatitis C diagnosis and treatment for older adults.
  • To highlight new advances in staging and treating hepatitis C in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hepatitis B and C management in the elderly.
  • Discussion of current therapeutic strategies and recent advances.
  • Focus on age-specific challenges and recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis B therapies aim to suppress viral replication and improve outcomes.
  • Hepatitis C is a curable disease with modern treatments.
  • Age does not alter the fundamental approach to hepatitis B treatment.
  • New diagnostic and treatment advances are improving hepatitis C outcomes in all populations, including the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B and C management requires tailored approaches for the elderly.
  • Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are crucial for better outcomes.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize care for elderly individuals with viral hepatitis.