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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromosomal instability in Lathyrus sativus L.

U C Lavania1

  • 1Department of Botany, Hindu College, Moradabad, India.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Lathyrus sativus variety LSD-1 exhibits significant somatic chromosome number instability, with over half of seedlings showing variation. This genetic instability may explain observed pollen polymorphism in this unique plant strain.

Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Cytogenetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) is an important legume crop.
  • The LSD-1 variety of Lathyrus sativus displays unusual characteristics.
  • Somatic chromosome number instability can impact plant development and reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of somatic chromosome number instability in Lathyrus sativus variety LSD-1.
  • To determine the extent and patterns of this chromosomal variation.
  • To explore potential genetic mechanisms and implications of this instability.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic examination of root tip and shoot tip mitoses.
  • Chromosome counting and analysis in dividing cells.

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  • Assessment of seedling and pollen characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Approximately 54% of LSD-1 seedlings displayed intra-individual variation in somatic chromosome number (ranging from 2n=14-3).
    • Chromosomal variability was observed in about 60% of dividing cells within affected seedlings.
    • Two seedlings were identified as triploid (2n=21), indicating polyploidization events.
    • Pollen polymorphism was noted in the LSD-1 strain, potentially linked to chromosomal instability.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic factors likely control the somatic chromosome number instability in LSD-1.
    • Spindle abnormalities, chromosome degradation, and minute chromosomes are potential contributing mechanisms.
    • The observed chromosomal variation is a probable cause of pollen polymorphism in this variety.
    • Understanding this phenomenon could have implications for breeding and genetic research in Lathyrus sativus.