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Hydration force and bilayer deformation: a reevaluation.

T J McIntosh, S A Simon

    Biochemistry
    |July 15, 1986
    PubMed
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    Lipid bilayers exhibit minimal compressibility and a hydration repulsive force that decays exponentially with separation. This challenges previous assumptions about water molecule diameter influencing this force.

    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Materials Science
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding lipid bilayer mechanics is crucial for cell membrane function.
    • Previous studies yielded conflicting data on bilayer compressibility and hydration forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitate the hydration repulsive force and deformability of lipid bilayers.
    • To analyze gel and liquid-crystalline lipid bilayers using X-ray diffraction under osmotic stress.

    Main Methods:

    • X-ray diffraction analysis of osmotically stressed liposomes.
    • Calculation of sampling theorem reconstructions and electron density distributions.
    • Applied osmotic pressures ranged from 0 to 50 atm.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Bilayer thickness and area per lipid molecule remained nearly constant (within 4%) under pressure.
    • Lipid bilayers demonstrated relative incompressibility, aligning with mechanical measurements.
    • Hydration repulsive force decayed exponentially, with decay constants of 1.4 Å (gel) and 1.7 Å (liquid-crystalline).

    Conclusions:

    • Lipid bilayers are largely incompressible, contrary to some prior X-ray diffraction findings.
    • The hydration force decay constant is not necessarily equivalent to water molecule diameter.
    • Findings reconcile X-ray diffraction with direct mechanical measurements of bilayer properties.