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Gender differences in identity formation as a function of self-other relationships.
1Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence
|November 26, 2013
Summary
Gendered self-perceptions influence identity development. Males defining themselves as separate and females as connected reported better resolutions to Erikson
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Erikson's theory outlines eight psychosocial stages of identity development.
- Gilligan's research suggests distinct male and female developmental pathways.
- Relational self-definition (how one defines oneself in relation to others) may mediate gender differences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of male-female relational self-definitions on resolving Erikson's first six identity crises.
- To test predictions derived from Gilligan's theory regarding gendered self-other development.
Main Methods:
- A sample of 388 adolescents (males and females) was assessed.
- Relational self-definitions were measured using the Relational Self-Definition Scale.
- Resolutions to identity crises were assessed using the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI).
Main Results:
- Specific predictions were supported for resolutions to Trust, Initiative, and Intimacy crises.
- Males with separate self-definitions and females with connected self-definitions showed more positive resolutions.
- These findings were independent of age, education, vocabulary, and socioeconomic status.
Conclusions:
- Gender differences in identity development may be linked to distinct male-female relational self-definitions.
- Findings align with Gilligan's views on gendered trends in self-other development.
- Relational self-definition appears to be a significant factor in early psychosocial development.
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