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Related Concept Videos

Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

60.0K
The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
60.0K
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
52.9K
Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

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Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
7.1K
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

4.4K
Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
4.4K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

12.6K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
12.6K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

1.0K
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
1.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues
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Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues

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Progress towards structural elucidation of Photosystem II.

G Tsiotis1, G McDermott, D Ghanotakis

  • 1M. Müller Institute for Microscopical Structure Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.

Photosynthesis Research
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Structural models of Photosystem II (PS II) are crucial for understanding its oxygen-evolving mechanism. This review summarizes progress in obtaining high-resolution structures and current insights into PS II subunit assembly and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Photosystem II (PS II) and its oxygen-evolving complex are vital for photosynthesis.
  • Lack of high-resolution structural models hinders understanding of PS II mechanisms and composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in developing structural models for Photosystem II.
  • To summarize current understanding of PS II subunit topology and assembly based on structural analyses.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography
  • Electron microscopy-based techniques

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made towards high-resolution structural models of PS II.
  • Structural analyses are informing opinions on subunit arrangement and the enzyme's overall structure.

Conclusions:

  • Structural insights are beginning to resolve long-standing questions about PS II mechanisms and composition.
  • Further structural studies are essential for a complete understanding of Photosystem II.