Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

3.1K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.1K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

11.6K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
11.6K
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

1.7K
Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
1.7K
Protein Transport to the Stroma01:24

Protein Transport to the Stroma

1.5K
Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
Protein complexes called the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane or TOC complex, and the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane or TIC complex mediate the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional and structural organization of chlorophyll in the developing photosynthetic membranes of Euglena gracilis Z. V-separation and characterization of pigment-protein complexes of the differentiated thylakoids.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

A detailed restriction endonuclease site map of theZea mays plastid genome.

Plant molecular biology·2013
Same author

Transfer RNA genes ofZea mays chloroplast DNA.

Plant molecular biology·2013
Same author

DNA sequences for the Zea mays tRNA genes tV-UAC and tS-UGA: tV-UAC contains a large intron.

Plant molecular biology·2013
Same author

Regulation of levels of nuclear transcripts for C4 photosynthesis in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves.

Plant molecular biology·2013
Same author

Differential expression of oxygen-evolving polypeptide genes in maize leaf cell types.

Plant molecular biology·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

4.5K

Maize chloroplast genes ndhD, ndhE, and psaC. Sequences, transcripts and transcript pools.

R Schantz1, L Bogorad

  • 1The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Plant Molecular Biology
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified three maize plastid genes, including two homologous to NADH dehydrogenase subunits (ndhD, ndhE) and psaC, encoding a PSI iron-sulfur protein. Their cotranscription and light-induced expression were detailed.

More Related Videos

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
07:26

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

Published on: July 29, 2019

5.5K
Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

25.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

4.5K
Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
07:26

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

Published on: July 29, 2019

5.5K
Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

25.3K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plastid genomes contain essential genes for photosynthesis and respiration.
  • NADH dehydrogenase (ndh) genes are involved in plant respiration and have been identified in various species.
  • Photosystem I (PSI) protein psaC is crucial for photosynthetic electron transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of three genes in the maize plastid genome.
  • To investigate the homology, transcription, and regulation of these maize plastid genes.

Main Methods:

  • Nucleotide sequencing of maize plastid DNA.
  • Analysis of gene homology and polypeptide sizes.
  • RNA analysis to determine transcription units and expression levels under different light conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identified and sequenced three maize plastid genes: ndhD, ndhE, and psaC.
  • ndhD and ndhE show homology to respiratory NADH dehydrogenase subunits.
  • ndhD and psaC are cotranscribed into a 2.1 kb RNA, with expression increasing threefold upon illumination of dark-grown seedlings; ndhE is independently transcribed.

Conclusions:

  • The maize plastid genome encodes subunits homologous to respiratory NADH dehydrogenase.
  • The psaC and ndhD genes form a cotranscribed unit regulated by light.
  • This study provides insights into the genetic organization and regulation of maize plastid genes involved in respiration and photosynthesis.