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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools
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Functional, structural, and sequence studies of microRNA.

Chanchal K Mitra1, Kalyani Korla

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.

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Summary

This review summarizes microRNA (miRNA) knowledge, focusing on structure, function, and sequence. It highlights the need for more research into miRNA 3-D structures and protein interactions, bridging molecular biology and bioinformatics.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Research on miRNA structure and function is rapidly advancing.
  • Existing knowledge is fragmented, necessitating a consolidated overview.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on functional, structural, and sequence aspects of miRNAs.
  • To bridge the gap between molecular biology and bioinformatics perspectives on miRNAs.
  • To identify knowledge gaps, particularly regarding miRNA 3-D structure and protein interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Compilation of established information for researchers.
  • Interdisciplinary synthesis of molecular biology and bioinformatics data.

Main Results:

  • Current understanding of miRNA functional, structural, and sequence features is summarized.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist concerning miRNA 3-D structure and its functional implications.
  • Limited information is available on protein-miRNA interactions and their characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides a foundational understanding for researchers in the field.
  • Further investigation into miRNA structural biology and protein interactions is warranted.
  • This work aims to benefit both molecular biologists and bioinformaticians.