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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

228
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
228
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

418
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
418
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

243
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
243
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

263
Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
263
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

215
Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
215
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

174
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
174

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
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Drug release from suppositories.

C J de Blaey1, J G Fokkens

  • 1Royal Dutch Association for the Advancement of Pharmacy, Alexanderstraat 11, 2514, JL The Hague, The Netherlands.

Pharmaceutical Research
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Current understanding of suppository drug release is insufficient for predicting in vivo performance from in vitro data. Further research is needed to improve suppositories as effective drug delivery systems.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Suppositories are a common dosage form with extensive research on drug release.
  • Decades of study have focused on suppository drug release properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of knowledge on suppository drug release.
  • To identify deficiencies in understanding the in vivo performance of suppositories.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on suppositories and drug release.
  • Analysis of the predictability of in vitro data for in vivo performance.

Main Results:

  • Current knowledge of in vivo suppository performance is deficient.
  • In vitro data cannot reliably predict in vivo drug release from suppositories.

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
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Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in understanding suppository drug delivery.
  • Future research should focus on enhancing the in vivo performance prediction of suppositories.