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Updated: May 5, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Institute of Medicine 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
Facial paralysis significantly impacts communication and quality of life. Recent advances in nerve grafting and muscle transfer techniques offer hope for restoring facial animation and function.
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