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Related Concept Videos

pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

54.3K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common...
54.3K
pH01:24

pH

20.2K
20.2K
pH01:24

pH

121.5K
The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium...
121.5K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

3.9K
In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
3.9K
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:21

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

7.8K
Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in water and readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion.
7.8K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

5.2K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
5.2K

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Updated: May 5, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
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Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

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Free acidity measurement - a review.

T G Srinivasan1, P R Vasudeva Rao

  • 1Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603102, India.

Talanta
|November 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review details methods for determining free acidity, crucial for actinide solutions. It categorizes techniques based on accuracy, precision, and ease of use for reliable measurements.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Free acidity is a critical parameter in solutions containing hydrolysable ions, particularly actinides.
  • Accurate and precise determination of free acidity is essential for chemical processing and waste management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize various methods for free acidity determination.
  • To highlight techniques suitable for actinide-containing solutions.
  • To assess methods based on accuracy, precision, ease of methodology, and recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of methods reported over several decades.
  • Classification of determination techniques into distinct categories.
  • Emphasis on methods applicable to actinide solutions.
Keywords:
ActinidesComplexationFree acidityHydrolysable ionsPotentiometryTitration

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Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse methodologies for free acidity measurement.
  • Categorization based on key performance indicators.
  • Highlighting challenges and advancements in actinide solution analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Several effective methods exist for free acidity determination in actinide solutions.
  • Method selection depends on specific requirements for accuracy, precision, and operational simplicity.
  • Continued development in analytical techniques is important for nuclear chemistry applications.