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Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
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Relational associative learning induces cross-modal plasticity in early visual cortex.

Drew B Headley1, Norman M Weinberger1

  • 1Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3800, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|November 27, 2013
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Summary

Early sensory cortices can form associations between neutral stimuli, challenging previous memory theories. This neurobiological plasticity in visual and auditory cortices may represent a declarative memory trace.

Keywords:
auditory cortexcross-modalplasticitysensory preconditioningvisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Declarative memories are traditionally linked to the neocortex.
  • Early sensory cortices were not previously considered involved in memory storage.
  • Recent findings suggest sensory cortices may associate neutral stimuli with reward or punishment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if early visual or auditory cortices can form associations between neutral stimuli.
  • To explore the neurobiological basis of neutral stimulus association in sensory cortices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sensory preconditioning paradigm in rats, pairing a tone with a light.
  • Recorded evoked potentials in primary and secondary visual cortices.
  • Performed laminar recordings to localize activation within cortical layers.
  • Used microstimulation of the primary auditory cortex to assess cortico-cortical connections.

Main Results:

  • Rats successfully associating the tone and light showed enhanced sound-evoked potentials in visual cortices.
  • Activation was localized to cortical Layers 5 and 6.
  • Auditory cortex microstimulation in the same subjects produced similar activation patterns, indicating cortico-cortical association.

Conclusions:

  • Early sensory cortices possess the capability to form associations between neutral stimuli.
  • This plasticity in sensory cortices may serve as a declarative memory trace.
  • Findings challenge existing neurobiological theories of memory storage locations.