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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae
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Vanadium an essential element for some marine macroalgae.

L Fries1

  • 1Institutionen för Fysiologisk Botanik, Uppsala Universitet, P.O Box 540, S-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden.

Planta
|November 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vanadium supplementation significantly boosts marine algae growth, particularly in brown and green species, by increasing fresh weight and altering morphology. Red algae showed no response to this essential trace element.

Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Phycology
  • Trace element nutrition

Background:

  • Marine algae are crucial primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.
  • Understanding nutrient requirements is vital for algal cultivation and aquaculture.
  • Vanadium (V) is an essential trace element for some organisms, but its role in marine algae is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of vanadium on the growth and morphology of marine algae.
  • To determine the optimal concentration of vanadium for growth enhancement.
  • To assess differential responses among different algal divisions (brown, green, red).

Main Methods:

  • Axenic cultivation of marine algae in artificial medium ASP6 F2 (pH 8.3).
  • Application of varying vanadium concentrations (1-100 μg l⁻¹).

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  • Measurement of fresh weight, morphological changes, and chlorophyll content over time.

    • Main Results:

    • Vanadium significantly increased fresh weight in brown alga *Fucus spiralis* (approx. 400%) and green alga *Enteromorpha compressa* (approx. 90%) at 10 μg V l⁻¹.
    • Red algae did not exhibit a growth response to vanadium.
    • Morphological changes in *Fucus spiralis* included increased branching and broader blades; chlorophyll content increased at later stages.

    Conclusions:

    • Vanadium is a growth-promoting element for certain marine algae, specifically brown and green species.
    • The response to vanadium is species- and division-specific.
    • Vanadium influences both biomass accumulation and morphology in susceptible marine algae.