Sleep-wake patterns reported by parents in hyperactive children diagnosed according to ICD-10, as compared to paired
Ana Allen Gomes1, Carla Parchão, Anabela Almeida
1Department of Education, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal, ana.allen@ua.pt.
Insights
Children with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) experience significant sleep problems, including later bedtimes and more frequent sleep disturbances. These findings highlight the need to address sleep issues in HKD diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Sleep Medicine
- Child Psychiatry
Background:
- Sleep disturbances are common in children.
- Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD), also known as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children's behavior and attention.
- Parent-reported sleep patterns in children with HKD require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare parent-reported sleep characteristics in children diagnosed with HKD versus typically developing children.
- To identify specific sleep problems associated with HKD in children.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 30 children (aged 5-13 years) diagnosed with HKD and 30 matched community controls.
- Parental reports on sleep behaviors, bedtime resistance, sleep latency, sleep duration, and specific sleep symptoms were collected.
Main Results:
- Children with HKD exhibited significantly later bedtimes, increased bedtime resistance, longer sleep latency, and shorter sleep duration compared to controls.
- HKD children reported more frequent issues including falling asleep in parents' beds, needing special items to initiate sleep, nightmares, sleep talking, sleep bruxism, fear of darkness, bedwetting, and loud snoring.
- A notable tendency towards higher daytime somnolence was observed in the HKD group.
Conclusions:
- Children diagnosed with HKD experience a higher prevalence and severity of sleep-related problems compared to their peers.
- The findings suggest a potential link between sleep disturbances and HKD, emphasizing the importance of considering sleep issues in diagnosis and management.
- Further research is warranted to explore comorbidity and differential diagnosis between sleep disturbances and HKD/ADHD.
Abstract:
This study aimed primarily to compare the parent-reported sleep of children with ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) versus community children. Thirty children aged 5-13 years (83.3% boys) diagnosed with HKD by their child and adolescent psychiatrists took part in this study, plus 30 community children, matched for sex, age, and school year. Compared to the controls, the HKD children showed significantly later bedtimes, stronger bedtime resistance, longer sleep latency, shorter sleep; more frequent behaviors and symptoms concerning falling asleep into parents bed, needing something special to initiate sleep, nightmares, sleep talking, sleep bruxism, fear from darkness, bedwetting, and, most notably, loud snoring (26.7%); they also tended to show higher daytime somnolence. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/HKD children may thus have more sleep-related problems than typically developing children. Alternatively, our results may reflect misdiagnoses; thus, special attention should be directed to comorbidity and differential diagnosis issues between sleep disturbances and ADHD/HKD.
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