Childhood enuresis. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and management

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Behavioral Science
• Genetics

Background:

• Childhood enuresis is a widespread behavioral condition affecting millions globally.
• Prevalence varies due to sociodemographic and cultural factors.
• Multiple biological, psychological, social, and cultural risk factors contribute to enuresis pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing literature on childhood enuresis up to 1997.
• To synthesize information on prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities.
• To highlight enuresis as a pediatric public health issue.

Main Methods:

• Conducted an online computer search of relevant literature.
• Screened literature published up to 1997 for inclusion in the review.
• Synthesized findings from various studies on childhood enuresis.

Main Results:

• Prevalence of childhood enuresis differs across studies, influenced by societal dynamics.
• Developmental/maturational delay, influenced by genetics, is the most likely cause.
• No single treatment strategy is universally agreed upon, but behavioral therapy is emerging as a first-line approach.

Conclusions:

• Childhood enuresis requires a multi-faceted approach addressing prevention, etiology, and cure.
• Behavioral therapy is increasingly recognized as the primary treatment.
• Tricyclic antidepressants are commonly prescribed, despite the emergence of behavioral therapies.