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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
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Cognitive Learning01:21

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
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Purposive Learning01:22

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Learning through symbol, myth, model, and ritual.

M T Dombeck1

  • 1School of Nursing at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York.

Journal of Religion and Health
|November 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This interdisciplinary course explored religious responses to suffering and spiritual care in healthcare. Students learned to respect professional differences and enhance teamwork through shared values.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Ethics
  • Religious Studies

Background:

  • Healthcare professionals increasingly encounter patients' spiritual and religious concerns.
  • Effective spiritual care requires interprofessional understanding and collaboration.
  • Existing curricula may not adequately address the intersection of spirituality and healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement an interdisciplinary course on religious and spiritual issues in healthcare.
  • To explore diverse religious responses to human suffering.
  • To examine the role of various healthcare professionals in addressing patients' spiritual needs.

Main Methods:

  • An interdisciplinary course was offered to nursing, medical, and seminary students.
  • Learning was facilitated through the identification of symbols, retelling of myths, presentation of models, and enactment of rituals.
  • Discussions focused on the universality of human suffering and professional roles.

Main Results:

  • Students recognized and respected professional differences within the context of shared human suffering.
  • The course enhanced cognitive and affective learning regarding spiritual care.
  • Interprofessional collaboration and shared values were affirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Interdisciplinary education is effective for addressing spiritual issues in healthcare.
  • Understanding religious and spiritual concerns improves patient-centered care.
  • Teamwork in healthcare can be fostered through shared professional values and mutual respect.