Does magnetic resonance imaging predict future low back pain? A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Radiology and Imaging
• Orthopedics
• Pain Medicine

Background:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is utilized to detect lumbar spine pathologies potentially causing low back pain (LBP).
• The predictive value of MRI findings for future LBP remains a subject of debate.
• Systematic review to assess the association between baseline lumbar spine MRI abnormalities and subsequent LBP development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review prospective cohort studies examining the relationship between baseline lumbar spine MRI findings and future LBP.
• To evaluate whether specific MRI abnormalities predict the onset or persistence of LBP in diverse populations.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases.
• Inclusion of prospective cohort studies investigating baseline MRI abnormalities and LBP outcomes.
• Exclusion of studies focusing on LBP secondary to specific diseases.

Main Results:

• Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, with varied participant groups (current LBP, no LBP, mixed).
• Heterogeneity in study design, MRI findings, and outcome measures precluded data pooling.
• No consistent associations were found; isolated studies suggested links between Modic changes, disc degeneration, or herniation and LBP outcomes.

Conclusions:

• The current body of evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusions regarding the predictive value of lumbar spine MRI findings for future LBP.
• Limitations include the small number of studies, significant heterogeneity, and variable study quality.